Microbiological water analysis includes a wide variety of analyzes to identify specific microorganisms. These include escherichia coli, fecal coliform, total coliform, sulfite reducing clostridium, fecal streptococci, heterotrophic live counts and pseudomonas aureginosa. Escherichia coli, total coliform and fecal coliforms are the most frequently observed microorganisms in water.

The amount of samples to be taken for bacteriological water analysis depends on how dirty the water is. If the total coliform analysis of the water is positive, it is necessary to analyze the water for some other specific bacteria. These bacteria are fecal coliforms and escherichia coli. Fecal coliforms are bacteria specific to the intestinal tract of animals and humans. Different analyzes are needed to detect them. Detecting escherichia coli bacteria alone in water is more important than detecting total coliform bacteria, because escherichia coli bacteria indicate that animal or human faeces are contaminated with water.

There are hundreds of different varieties of Escherichia coli, but many of them are not harmful to human health. It can cause serious discomfort only in the elderly, children and people with immune system problems.

All standard methods for the detection and detection of escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria in microbiological water analysis are for coliform bacteria. These methods include the most probable number (EMS) method, solid media methods and membrane filtration method as well as rapid analysis method.

The rapid analysis method is based on color change. Color changes in test tubes are observed and results are obtained. This method provides information about the presence or absence of escherichia coli bacteria in water in a fast and simple way. If the result is positive in this method, the 100 ml water sample contains at least 1 escherichia coli. However, the reason of the infection is not understood with this method and a solution can not be developed.

Within the scope of microbiological analyzes, studies are carried out in rapid detection methods for the detection of coliform bacteria in authorized laboratories.