A number of legal arrangements have been made in meat and dairy products in order to prevent cheating on consumers, to protect people's health and to ensure that people consume reliable meat and dairy products. Among these, the following two communiqués issued by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock are the first:

• Turkish Food Codex Communiqué on Meat and Meat Products (Communiqué No: 2012 / 74)
• Turkish Food Codex Communiqué on Raw Milk and Heat Treated Drinking Milk (Communiqué No: 2000 / 6)

For this reason, developed laboratories have great responsibilities. Various reliable and rapid analysis methods are used for this purpose in laboratories. These methods are morphological, immunological, electrophoretic, genetic and serological analysis methods.

The most reliable and sensitive method is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) which is used for the search of DNA in food products such as meat. The PCR method is based on the principle that a particular region of DNA can be amplified using enzymes. In protein-based methods, the protein to be detected cannot be reproduced. Therefore, protein based methods show lower sensitivity than PCR method.

With the DNA Microarray (or DNA biochip) application, it is possible to monitor the expression level of thousands of genes simultaneously. In this method, DNA is attached to a substrate and a probe is prepared with a known gene. In this way, the genetic structure of meat products is examined and the animal species of the animal DNA or DNAs are determined. The animals whose DNA has been detected in various processed meat products are: pig, horse, sheep, calf, duck, chicken, turkey and goose.

Within the scope of species analysis studies in advanced laboratories, different analysis methods for species determination for each species in meat Real Time-PCR and DNA Microarray methods are also used. During these tests, standards published by domestic and foreign organizations are based.