Drinking and using water directly affects the health of people. At the same time, irrigation water quality in agricultural production, the efficiency of the fertilizer used, the fertility of the soil and the yield from the soil is impressive. It is therefore important to measure and analyze the water used in each case. Use of unsuitable water may cause irreversible damage.

Salinity rate is very important in some industrial wastes and sea water analyzes. The amount of salinity is scientifically defined as follows: when all carbonates in it are converted to oxides, when all iodide and bromides are replaced by chlorides and all organic matter is oxidized, the total solids content in water is called salinity. In general, the amount of salinity is expressed in grams or per thousand.

When determining the amount of salinity in water, two basic concepts are mentioned: chlorinity and chlorocyte. Chlorinity means the degree of chlorinity in water. Bromide and iodides in water are expressed as chloride. That is the mass in grams of halogens, except for the fluoride contained in one kilogram of water. Chloricity is the mass in grams of halogens contained in one liter of water at 20.

The weight in grams of solids dissolved in one kilogram of water is called the degree of salinity of that water. The waters present in nature are divided into five groups according to their salinity. From low-salt to very salty, these water groups are:

• Fresh waters
• Bitter waters
• Normal sea water
• Salt water
• Very salty waters

Due to the increase in salinity in water, the density, electrical conductivity and pressure of high saline waters are high, but the specific temperature, thermal conductivity and freezing point temperature are low.

The laboratories apply different methods such as electrical conductivity method or hydrometric method while determining the salinity in water. However, they always adhere to the relevant standards in order to achieve reliable and quality results.